This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Please mark the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective screening tool. In new jersey, between 11,000 and 16,000 women suffer from postpartum depression ppd each year. Outcome of a postnatal depression screening programme using. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is frequently used during the perinatal.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is widely used in many countries to screen women for depression in the perinatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed in scotland at health centers in livingston and edinburgh. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Dec 20, 2018 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is widely used in many countries to screen women for depression in the perinatal period. The following is an excerpt of the epds for sample purposes. It has been validated through research in many different cultures and coun. The experiences of mothers with preterm infants within the. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Ppd affects up to 20% of women after having a baby and can even affect up to 10% women while they are pregnant. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and effici ent way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal. Women are asked to answer each question in terms of the past seven days. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from ppd. This study was designed to investigate whether the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, which is widely used to screen.
The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective. Reliability and validity of the edinburgh postnatal. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for. Sagovsky the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Please check the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early.
However, across studies the psychometric properties and cutoff scores of the epds have varied considerably. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Department of health maternal and child health for. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds consists of 10 questions. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse scored i. This study was designed to investigate whether the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, which is widely used to screen for ppd in women, is an appropriate tool for men.
Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. Discussion to our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the association between maternal depressive symptoms during the perinatal period and. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for fathers postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for fathers. Instructions for administering and scoring the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale client dob weeks pp. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, which was used as a measure of pnd, was used with. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale request pdf. Maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and offspring.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh postnatal. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds can be done inperson or over the phone. The most frequently used ppd screening tool is the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale usefulness to practitioners identifying potential depressive disorders and connecting mothers to resources can be pivotal in supporting positive change and the. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file. As you have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling now. This individuals most recent test results indicate likely depression. To assess the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, a selfadministered questionnaire created to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression in the community, from an epidemiological and.
The test can usually be completed in less than 5 minutes. The epds score should not override clinical judgment. The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and postnatal. Therefore, we validated the danish epds against a depression. This training is designed to assist health professionals and others in using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds to screen for the risk of depression and or anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds is a set of questions used to assess whether or not a woman may be suffering from depression or anxiety, or both.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale client dob weeks pp date. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds is designed to detect postnatal depression in mothers 68 weeks after delivery. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. The epds is a tool that helps identify if you are at risk or are suffering from ppd.
The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The training includes a presentation, interactive discussion, role plays and audio visual material with a focus. About this resource about this resource 1 this is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. M iinnimmaall ttimmeess ttoo ssccrr eeenn pregnancy postpartum 1st prenatal visit and at 2834 weeks gestation 23 weeks postpartum and at 2month or 4 if not done at 2 and 6month well child visits. As you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Screening for postpartum depression with the edinburgh. It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likert scale items see additional file. The estimated global premature birth rate for 2014 was 10. Treatment of cancer related fatigue in pediatric patients. It is a short 10item selfadministered tool originally designed to identify the presence of depression in women following childbirth, although it has been used during pregnancy and other periods, including with. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw. The beck hopelessness scale bhs is a 20item selfreport inventory developed by dr.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. It was developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect whether mothers are suffering from postnatal depression. Onset timing, thoughts of selfharm, and diagnoses in.
Beck that was designed to measure three major aspects of hopelessness. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. To describe the use of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in screening for anxiety and depression in the community and to provide referral pathways. Questionnaire the nmmhs was developed by hpa in consultation with the fieldwork company. Note that some pdfs can be quite large and may take several minutes to download. Postnatal depression scale epds jl cox, jm holden, r sagovsky, department of psychiatry, university of edinburgh 1987 module 6 name. As antenatal depression is a predictor of postnatal depression, early detection might prevent postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common problems women face after having a baby. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. The purpose of this form is to provide a standardized tool to assist in identifying health department clients suffering from signs of postnatal depression.
Predictive statistical model for the factors associated with prenatal depression among pregnant adolescents in maha sarakham. It is one of the most widely accepted tools in the world. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds english reproduction of the epds in its entirety is restricted to print version only. While the signs and severity of symptoms vary, several screening tools have been developed to detect women at risk for this perinatal mood disorder. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of postnatal depression pnd screening programmes in reducing morbidity. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds definition. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds scoring guide 1. This form is administered during postpartum when signs or symptoms indicate. It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file 408 kb links to english resource. Responses are scored 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to increased severity of the symptom. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky. The experience of premature birth does not impact solely on the infant and. The epds should be performed at the booking visit, and at around 32 weeks gestation or at any stage there is a midwife or client concern. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Mothers who score above are likely to be suffering from a depressive illness of varying severity. To download information click on the selected language. Postnatal depression in new zealand 7 invited to participate in the final survey. A mother checks off one of four possible answers that is closest to. Many hospitals in new jersey use the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment.
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